1) Drink plenty of water! Water regulates body temperature and carries nutrients and waste products throughout the body. Low fat milk, 100% juice, tea (black or green) and moderate amounts of coffee sum up the healthy beverage list. As a “functional beverage” however, and training more than 1 hour, try a commercial sports drink (or a homemade sports drink: “diluted orange or cranberry juice”: ½ cup juice per 1 cup water, & a tiny pinch of salt) to provide fluid and fuel to muscles - salt helps retain hydration, and the carbs will: fuel to allow maximal efforts right to the end of a game/training session, prevent the use of protein as a fuel source and inhibit stress hormone release linked to suppressed immune function.
2) Eat breakfast! What you eat today, fuels tomorrow’s workout. Glycogen (muscle fuel) storage today will be critical as an energy source tomorrow. Carbohydrates fuel exercise. Eat fruit, healthy muffins, bagel or toast & peanut butter, cereal, pancakes, waffles, or French toast. Add eggs, yogurt or glass of milk for protein, & add a banana or orange juice for potassium.
3) Calcium, found in milk, soy milk, yogurt, cheeses, cottage cheese, tofu, and green leafy vegetables, such as broccoli, collard greens, and kale is needed for strong bones and may protect against muscle cramps. Calcium strengthens bone density. Select 3 to 4 servings per day of calcium rich low-fat dairy products & 1-2 servings of green leafy vegetables.
4) Carbohydrates are the fuel source for muscles and the brain, and they spare muscle protein. These are the primary energy sources for all types of exercise. 55-65% (6-10+ g/kg bodyweight) of calories should come from carbohydrates: whole grain breads, cereals, and pasta; potatoes, rice, beans, fruit & vegetables. Select 9-15+ servings of carbohydrate foods (fruits, veggies & grain products) per day. At least one third of the plate should be covered with carbohydrate foods.
5) Eat fruits and vegetables for fiber, potassium, and vitamins C & A, and lots of phytochemical antioxidants. Green & black teas also have lots of antioxidant power. Select 3-5 servings of vegetables (at least 1 green leafy veg), and 3-5 servings of fruits (at least 1 citrus fruit) DAILY. Optimal health/immunity means your best sport performance & recovery from training!
6) Meat, poultry, fish, beans, eggs, tofu, dairy products and nuts are protein sources needed for muscle development & repair, sources of B vitamins, and iron. 2-3 servings are needed per day. 12-15% (1.2-1.6 g/kg bodyweight) of the day's total calories should come from protein sources. Try eating small amounts of protein often throughout the day, as it is not stored in the body, and amino acid concentration in blood dictates the rate of muscle growth/recovery.
7) Fats and oils should be used sparingly. 20-25% of the day's total calories should come from fat (mostly good fats!). Good fats include nuts, seeds, olive oil & other plant-based sources. Fatty fish (eg salmon) are an important source of omega-3 fats – this can be taken as a fish oil supplement to ensure consistency/reduction of heavy metals common in ocean fish. Limit the unhealthy fats found in whole fat dairy products (choose low fat varieties), fried foods, meat, poultry, hot dogs, fast food burgers & watch trans or saturated fats in snack foods (chips, cookies, pastries, muffins, fries, doughnuts, ice-cream, milkshakes).
8) Snacks can be healthy - select bagels, low fat muffins, cereal, fruit leather, energy bars, fig Newton’s, yogurt, bananas, apples, oranges, peanut butter and crackers, popcorn, raisins, carrots, & some unsalted nuts (almonds, pistachios, cashews, walnuts, peanuts). Snacks supply additional protein for muscle development, and carbohydrates for muscle fuel & maintenance of blood sugar levels. Plan ahead so you always have snacks available before & after training (keep “healthy” trail mix, energy bars, protein bars, cheese strings, raisins, apples & bananas, sport drink (Gatorade) in your school/gym bag or car).
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